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The optimal calcium concentration for both proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes depends on the species and also on the media formulation. To keep primary human keratinocytes in the proliferative status concentrations between 0.03 and 0.15 mM (PromoCell Keratinocyte Growth Medium 2: 0.06 mM) are generally used. Increasing the calcium above 1 mM will induce terminal differentiation and lead to the loss of proliferative activity.